協力行動とそのメカニズム
おはようございます。心理学者のじんぺーです。 Good morning. I am 心理学者のじんぺー.
本日も心理学の最新論文を紹介していきたいと思います。 Today, I would like to introduce the latest paper on psychology.
今日は、協力行動と自己依存の関係、あとは平等不平等という、 Today, I would like to introduce the paper on the relationship between cooperative action and self-dependence and equality and inequality,
結構社会心理学の王道っぽいテーマの論文を紹介したいと思います。 which is quite a social psychology-like theme.
先日の学会で、この著者のヨーグ・グロフ先生という先生の講演を聞いて、 At the last lecture, I listened to the speech of the author, Dr. Joerg Grof,
面白い研究がたくさん紹介されていたので、その一つになります。 and there were many interesting researches, so this is one of them.
ネイチャー・コミュニケーションズという雑誌に載った2020年の論文になっています。 This is the 2020 paper on Nature Communications.
協力行動ということを考えたときに、いろんな観点からどういうふうな介入をすれば協力行動が増えたりとか減ったりとかするのかという研究はたくさんされていると思うんですけど、 When we think about cooperative action, there are many researches on how to intervene to increase or decrease cooperative action.
今回のこの研究は、自己依存ということに注目をしています。 This research focuses on self-dependence.
自力でどうにかできるかどうかということが、その協力行動、社会へ尽くすということを減らすかどうかという研究ですね。 This research focuses on how to intervene to increase cooperative action.
方法論的なところも、実験の枠組みとかも結構面白いので、紹介していきたいなというふうに思います。 The methodological part and the framework of the experiment are also quite interesting, so I would like to introduce them.
ちょっとね、ややこしいかもしれないんですけど、できるだけ簡潔にいきたいと思います。 It may be a little complicated, but I would like to make it as simple as possible.
まず、実験では4人の人が集まります。 First, 4 people will gather in the experiment.
全体の参加者は200名とかなんですけど、とりあえず4人グループを作ってもらうと。 The total number of participants is 200, but we will make a 4-person group.
その中で、これもまだ2つの条件があって、平等条件だと全員に同じぐらいのお金を渡す。 We have two conditions. Under equal conditions, everyone will be given the same amount of money.
金じゃないですけど、仮想のお金みたいな、これを使っていいですよというものを渡すわけです。 It's not money, but it's like virtual money.
平等条件だと、例えば全員に90ドル。 Under equal conditions, for example, everyone will be given 90 dollars.
不平等条件だと、ある人には120ドル渡して、またある人には60ドルしか渡さない、みたいな感じにしますと。 Under unequal conditions, some people will be given 120 dollars, and some people will be given only 60 dollars.
これがまず条件分けの一つですよね。 This is one of the conditions.
あと一つ面白いのが、自己依存できるかどうかというところで、 Another interesting thing is whether or not you can depend on yourself.
実験の詳細と結果
簡単な実験で何をするかというところ、そのお金は何に使うかという話なんですけど、 It's about what to do in a simple experiment, and what to use that money for.
四人のグループが社会の宿図みたいに思ってもらったらいいんですが、その中で公共財、例えば雨が多く降るのでダムを作りたいですとか、 Four people can think of it like a social structure, but in that group, public funds, for example, it rains a lot, so you want to build a dam,
洪水を抑えるためにダムを作りたいです、みたいなのがあったときに、それで公共財じゃないですか、公共なインフラ。 or you want to build a dam to reduce the flood, and that's public funds, public infrastructure.
そこに投資するかどうか、お金を入れるかどうかということを決めるという課題ですね、シンプルなんですけど。 It's a simple task to decide whether to invest in it or not.
公共財の建設ができるという位置も決まっていて、例えば180ドル、集まるとこれが使えて、みんながハッピーになるというね、この協力行動が成功したということなんですけど、 How much can public funds build? For example, if you collect $180, you can use it to make everyone happy.
それをどれくらい成功するかということを見るという実験になっておりまして、公共財にどうすれば投資が集まるかということと、 How much will it succeed?
公共財にどうすれば投資が集まるかということと、どうすれば集まらないかという話で、まずは公共財の投資で話をさせてもらって、 After that, this is also a very important point,
ある条件では本当に公共財にお金を入れるかどうかということだけを決める、またある条件では公共財にお金を入れるかどうかもそうなんですけど、 In some conditions, you decide whether to invest in public funds or not, and in some conditions, whether to invest in public funds or not,
事故依存といって自力で解決する手段も作るという条件ですね。さっきのダムの例とかで言うと、あり得ないと思うんですけど、 I think it's impossible to use the example of the dam, but instead of putting money in a dam that everyone can use,
自分で解決できる、例えば家の周りに壁を作るとかね、そういうふうな状況を作ることによって協力行動が減るかどうかということを調べたという感じになっています。 you can solve it yourself, for example, by building a wall around the house, and by creating such a situation, you can find out whether the cooperation will decrease or not.
なんとなく実験の全体像みたいなの伝わってますでしょうか。結果も行きたいなと思うんですけど、まず公共財のみ選択可能な条件でいくと、これは78%のグループが協力に成功した。 In other words, as I said earlier, $180 was collected properly.
よかった、よかった、ダム作れたと。これで町の平和というか安全が守られたという感じになる。これが成功なわけなんですけど、そうなったということです。 On the other hand, when the conditions for self-reliance are added, it becomes self-reliance.
全体で180ドルは積めないといけないっていう風な事じゃなくて、自力で45ドルだけでいいですとか、そこのドルの値も変えるので。55ドルでいいです、65ドルでいいですみたいな感じで変えるので、変え方にもよるんですけど、特にその自己解決の資金が少なければ少ないほど、45ドルで自分の安全が守られますとなった時に、人は公共財にお金をいれるのではなくて、 You can buy software without putting your money in your own asset.
Instead of spending money on self-reliance, we are spending money on building a wall to solve our own problems.
Also, we talked about the difference between equal and unequal conditions.
When it comes to inequality, some people get $120, and some people only get $60.
That's when the difference becomes noticeable.
In other words, people who get a lot of money can solve their own problems.
They spend money on building a wall to solve their own problems.
People who only get $60 can't solve their problems with $60.
They have no choice but to invest in public funds.
That's why they continue to cooperate.
However, people who have a lot of money don't invest in public funds.
As a result, inequality continues to spread.
People who have money solve their own problems.
People who don't have money have to spend more and more money on building public funds.
As a result, inequality continues to grow.
That's what I want to convey in this video.
不平等がもたらす影響
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask.
I'm not sure I've been able to explain it well.
Social psychology is very detailed.
This experiment is also complicated and calculated.
That's why I think it's a success to reproduce it in a simplified experimental environment.
In reality, it is difficult to visualize what kind of behavior people in high and low incomes are doing.
However, if you can solve it by yourself, you may be able to solve it by yourself.
I don't know what to do.
I think society is in a pinch.
In such a situation, it is difficult to solve the problem by yourself.
So I think it's a good idea to spend money for society.
I don't know if it's a common goal or a solution to overcome it.
I was reading it because I thought it was a situation that I couldn't solve by myself.
What do you think?
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask.
I would be happy if you could read the thesis as well.
I think it's a topic that people will be interested in.
I will introduce it when I find something interesting.
収録と共有の試行
Thank you for listening to the end.
Let's have a good day today.
It was Junpei.
With all my heart.
I'm going to chat.
It's a little difficult to chat with all my heart.
What should I do?
I don't know what to do.
I'm going to chat.
Voicy has an open upload function.
What do you think?
I think I said this during the live broadcast.
I thought Voicy's mixing ability was high.
I took a video with a microphone on my computer and uploaded it as it was.
Then I couldn't adjust the size of the sound.
I thought it was a little hard to listen to.
I was listening to my own broadcast.
I thought I was using a great service.
This is easier.
I'm posting it on Spotify and YouTube.
I just want to take a video and upload it.
I want to keep it as it is.
I think I need to adjust it a little.
If you have any recommendations for recording voice on your computer, please let me know.
I'm using a Windows computer right now.
I'm using an app called Sound Recorder.
I thought it was a good way to use it.
I wish I could edit it on this app.
Do you understand?
I wish I could trim it.
I can't do that.
Once I start talking, I can't go back.
I think it's a little difficult.
If you have any recommendations, please let me know.
I'm thinking about it a little bit.
I'm playing it on Spotify and YouTube.
協力と自己完結
It's silent.
Maybe I'll put this BGM on my own.
I'll throw it all away.
I'll throw this at Boise.
I think Boise can stop the background coffee time.
I don't think so.
I don't think I can stop it on the streamer side.
Maybe I can.
Because there are a lot of people who do that.
When it comes to the broadcast of Komatsu Sensei, it doesn't flow.
I don't know how to do that.
I think it's a good idea.
I can turn off the BGM.
I'm thinking about it.
If you have any comments, please let me know.
