China controls roughly 90% of global rare earth refining, creating a critical bottleneck for EV manufacturing. To counter this, the US relies on a "legal fortress" strategy using strict regulations and tariffs. However, lacking physical heavy rare earth refining capacity, this approach risks severe supply shortages and has a low success probability of 20-30%.Conversely, Japan employs "technology and resource circulation resilience" with a high success rate of 75-85%. By combining a 180-day national stockpile, recycling, and innovative rare-earth-free motors, Japan can physically bypass China's bottleneck. Ultimately, engineering out of resource dependency provides vital "geopolitical insurance" against supply chain embargoe
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