アニメの紹介
This gave me a little bit of Game of Thrones vibe.
Oh yeah.
A lot of abuse, torture, killing.
Yep, there's a lot of sword fights actually.
For a show about astronomy, there are an awful lot of sword fights.
Konnichiwa! I'm your host Mayu for 2AM OTTACK!
In this podcast, we talk all about anime, manga, movies, music, and history
through our distinct perspectives as a born and raised Japanese non-otaku.
That's me and an American anime fan, Sisqó.
That's me.
Sisqó, we are finally talking about this anime.
Yes.
We waited for a while.
We did.
This anime is about astronomy.
And for a person who was always bad at astronomy at school...
Did you learn astronomy at school?
I think a little bit.
And even like I can't find a simple star.
You mean like the constellations?
Yeah.
Okay.
I'm really bad at it.
I mean, I'm really bad at it too, but that's because we live in a place where we can't even see them.
LA, yeah, no.
You know where I grew up.
That's true, yeah.
I guess given where you grew up, you should have been better at it, yeah.
It's beautiful.
Yeah.
That's all I can say about stars.
Okay, well, that's something.
I have like almost no knowledge of astronomy.
Got it.
Well, as someone who took a class called Astrology and the History of Science at the collegiate level, I know a little bit about astronomy and astrology.
That's perfect.
Even for me, this anime kind of gave me an interest of astronomy.
That's cool.
I'm excited to talk about it today.
All right.
Today, we are going to talk about...
Orb on the Movements of the Earth.
ストーリーの概要
Orb on the Movements of the Earth is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Uoto.
An anime television series adaptation produced by Madhouse premiered on October 5, 2024 on NHK General TV.
It is set to run for 25 episodes for two consecutive quarters for a half-year run.
The opening theme song is Kaiju, Monster, performed by Saka Nakushon, while the ending theme song is Aporia, performed by Yorushika.
I can't wait to talk about opening and ending songs.
Before we dive into it, make sure to subscribe and follow 2AMO Talk on Spotify and Apple Podcasts.
Or tell your family, friends, co-workers, siblings, partners about our channel so that you can listen to our podcast and share your opinions with them.
Yeah, great idea.
Okay, Cisco, could you explain what Orb is about?
Sure. Well, actually, now that I think about it, it's a little bit harder than I thought.
It's a totally fictional account of a couple of different characters who are all working on the theory of heliocentrism.
I guess at its core, it's about the idea of heliocentrism and the resistance that the idea faced in medieval Europe,
particularly coming from the Catholic Church and the Inquisition.
So it's not a true story. It's not even really based on actual people.
It's like a fictionalized version of some of what was happening in the 1600s.
1500s?
Late 1500s through the 1600s.
It took a while between Copernicus publishing his heliocentric model and it gaining widespread acceptance.
And the Inquisition was actively trying to suppress belief in heliocentrism throughout the late 1500s and through the 1600s, really.
So it could be said at any of those times.
But it's hard to match it up one to one with history because the characters are not real people.
So it's impossible to say when exactly it's supposed to be in the development of the theory.
I didn't know about this until I randomly saw a YouTube video of Kenjiro Tsuda talking about this manga.
He really liked this manga and he really was hoping to get a gig on this anime and he eventually did.
Yeah, he nailed it.
So that's what I found about it. And then, yeah, that's why I kind of wanted to see.
Got it. I think I had seen this manga in our local library.
We have been to something like, I don't know, 110 libraries in the greater Los Angeles area.
But I definitely saw at least one scene in the manga where I was like, oh, this looks kind of good, but didn't read the whole book and just sort of noted what it was about.
天文学と物語の自由
And, you know, this one particular scene.
So I know I'd seen it before it came out as an anime, but I hadn't actually read most of it at that point.
So the author, Uoto, was born in 1997.
Oh, my God.
He's pretty young.
Extremely. Well, I mean, I guess not extremely, but that made me feel really old.
OK, that makes you old. But at the same time, at this age, you can write about this?
Well, I mean, I think you can write about this at any age if you're passionate about it and you study.
You have to really know about the history.
I think knowing about the history is helpful, but I do think it's important to really say this more than once, because I think people watching this show might assume that this is the story of how the heliocentric model developed.
And that isn't the case. It's a fictional story that's sort of inspired by history, but not a nonfiction work in any sense.
And so if you're going to make up what happened, you don't need to know that much about reality because you're not trying to he's not trying to, like, do a biography of a real person.
He's making up a series of events that could have happened, but that did not play out this way.
So, I mean, I don't want to, like, diminish the research that I'm sure the author did, but I just think the author isn't letting themselves be bound by the actual historical narrative.
And so in the same way that I was like, hey, write a novel about the American Revolution.
It doesn't have to be what really happened.
Like, it would help you a lot to do a lot of research, but it would be OK if you didn't actually know who George Washington was because you decided to make someone else the leader of the American forces in your alternate history anyway.
You know what I mean?
OK.
So that said, yes, I'm sure this person did a huge amount of research in order to try to get most of it right.
And that's the goal here isn't accuracy or faithful representation of what actually happened in the past.
I actually like that.
I think it's more interesting to watch this version of the story than it would be to have an exactingly precise biography of, you know, Johannes Kepler or somebody.
But because it doesn't need to be precise, you know, there's a lot of liberties are being taken.
So what's your thought about it?
We are halfway through.
We're halfway through.
Just like my overall thoughts on the show, it's great.
It's really interesting the way it portrays the both the Inquisition and the researchers who are trying to figure out what's actually happening is much, I think, much more interesting than the real story.
It's not particularly nuanced.
And in doing my own research to try to be like, how realistic is the show?
I like this story better than I think I like the real history.
I mean, maybe that's not fair to the real history, but it's I think it's a really good narrative.
It has some twists in it, especially early on in the show that are like very satisfying in a weird way and that I think are true to what the process of trying to get people to believe in heliocentrism was like, even if the actual events being depicted are totally made up.
We watch like a conversation between the author and the lead singer of the band who wrote the opening theme song.
The manga artist, Uoto, didn't show his face.
Yeah.
But the way he talked or what he talked sounded very philosophical to me.
Yeah, I agree.
He really thinks through.
Right.
And I searched. He took philosophy at college.
That's cool.
So that made so much sense.
The idea of the church and the papacy trying to stamp out people trying to find the truth about the universe because it conflicted with what they had already taught is a great example of sort of human pride and cruelty triumphing over, well not triumphing permanently, but being in conflict with truth and knowledge in a way that, you know, really messed with a lot of people's lives.
Chi in Japanese, the name is pretty much the same as English one.
Is it? I really disagree.
I don't think that's true.
Really?
The subtitle is the same.
タイトルの意味と翻訳
Yes.
On the movements of the earth is the subtitle.
But the word chi doesn't mean orb.
Well, it has like lots of meanings.
Japanese has three different kinds of letters, alphabets.
And then if it's written in kanji, Chinese characters, you can figure out the meaning of the kanji.
But it's not written in kanji.
So you can't really know from the letter what chi means.
So people who ever see this letter can kind of figure out themselves, oh, it must be about this or that.
For me, like when I see it, chi means like ground, earth, because it says earth.
So like it kind of made sense.
There are other meanings too.
Let me explain.
Chi means ground, the meaning of ground.
Also blood, chi.
And knowledge, chi.
It comprises three different meanings.
It has all three meanings in that sound.
I think if you look at the title, you see a little circle next to the letter chi.
Right.
That's like a period in Japanese.
So we use like a circle thing.
We don't usually use period for the title and the stuff.
But he decided to put it because he wanted to describe earth.
And there's like a line along to it.
With an orbit.
So he wanted to describe something it was not moving is about to move.
Interesting.
Like the period is going to move out of the way?
Something like that.
So like whether earth moves or not.
Right.
That's what he wanted to describe.
Cool.
I mean, there's got to be a different word for orb in Japanese, right?
What do you call a sphere, a three-dimensional circular object?
Q.
Yeah, exactly, Q.
Q.
I don't know.
I mean, like, I guess in a way, like orb just means sphere in English.
It doesn't actually mean earth.
Like the earth is, I suppose, in shape, an orb.
This show has challenges with translation, particularly around this word chi.
Later on in the show, it's also translated as terror, where I was like, okay, again,
chi has multiple meanings in Japanese, but none of them is terror.
Terror is like kyofu, right?
Yeah.
And like, I think it's an intentional play on the double meaning of chi as both blood
and knowledge, but it's not terror.
The translation is good, and I recommend watching this with English subtitles on, but there
are nuances in the Japanese that can't be adequately conveyed in English, and one of
those things is the title.
So orb is an interesting choice of word for the title, and I don't think we would have
been able to pick any word in English that has, like, enough homophone meanings for it
to have that same sense of indeterminateness that the Japanese title has.
One of the recurring features in the opening animation is eyes.
I sort of, like, you know, wondered if there was, like, a connection there, too, to why
they picked, sort of, orb.
I like the Japanese title better.
I think that's where I'm going to stop.
So chi, orb, has two catchphrases.
Okay.
One is,
Do you have a faith that you would lay down your life for?
And another one is,
Is there an aesthetic you want to achieve even if it turns the world against you?
So those are really strong catchphrases, catch copies.
Yeah, I still am not sure I understand what catch copy is.
There are probably, like, people working in marketing in America who, like, know what
that is, but, like, I'm not really totally sure what it means.
Like, those phrases, like, attract people so that they can read.
They're, like, on posters and stuff.
Yeah, I think so, yeah.
Like, next to it to be, like, oh, this is kind of what it's about.
Yeah.
And I think both of those are pretty good descriptions of what the show's themes, sort
of, are.
You know, how far do you go for what you believe in?
How seriously are you willing to take your beliefs even when they're unpopular?
So here in chi, you don't have, really have, freedom to express about your theory of opinions
compared to today.
Well, yeah, again, it is a fictional story, but the Catholic Church was extremely disapproving
地動説とその影響
of the idea of heliocentrism, and the Inquisition would absolutely burn you to death as a heretic
if you articulated it too loudly.
Yes, it's a difficult time.
And I like the episode of Yolanda.
I don't know how old she is.
She must be, like, teenage or something.
She learns, she studies, she can read and everything.
But she's a woman.
She's a girl.
People don't see her as, like, one of, like, a researcher.
So, like, she's not part of those groups or teams who studies astronomy.
Yeah, they're trying to understand the shape of the cosmos.
Chi seems to be set at a time when, at the very least...
Actually, you know what?
I'm trying to think.
Do any of the characters use a telescope at any point in the show?
I don't remember.
No, right?
Just the bare eyes.
Yeah.
So, it seems to be set right around, like, you know, before the at least widespread dissemination of telescopes,
when people are still relying on just using their eyes to observe the cosmos.
And without a telescope, there are lots of things in the night sky that you cannot see.
This was a big part of why Galileo was able to prove aspects of the theory of heliocentrism by observing, for example,
Jupiter's moons and the phases of Venus and some of the other stuff that he saw with, like, his telescopes.
Without that, there are things you can observe in the cosmos that don't make any sense.
For example, the transit of Mars.
All of the planets, I think, exhibit retrograde motion at certain parts in their orbital periods.
But because Mars is so close to us, it's easy to see.
And even in the show, that's the example of being like, uh-oh, this planet isn't moving the way we expect it to.
What could possibly be causing that?
There were rival thoughts on what might be causing that motion going all the way back to the ancient Greeks,
or at least to the Hellenistic period with Aristotle and Ptolemy,
and those ancient Greek mathematicians proposing different models for what was happening in the sky, and Aristarchus, etc.
So, in a way, those questions had been out there for a long time.
And the Church adopted an interpretation that said, this is the only way you're allowed to think about it.
If God created the world, obviously the world is the most important thing.
It must be at the center, and everything goes around it.
But if that's true, you need a really complicated model to explain what you can actually see in the sky.
And heliocentrism made it easier to explain what was going on with the planets,
because it made more logical mathematical sense than the other model.
But because nobody understood gravity until Newton, the explanation of why these things were happening was still a ways off.
And instead, there were these competing models that tried to better predict what would happen next.
And one of the pieces that I think is missing from this show, but is true about why so many people cared about astronomy,
Copernicus defended his model as being more useful to the Church for making precise calendars.
To be like, I'm not trying to say it's true, but we'll help you figure out how to make calendars better.
There was also a huge emphasis on astrology.
The idea that the relative position of the stars and the planets to the Earth, or what you could see, or where things were at given times, had actual effects on the Earth.
Lots of ancient philosophers believed that what was happening in the sky could influence the weather on Earth,
and caused atmospheric or weather-related effects, or at the very least, determined human destiny and future events.
Some of the reason that anybody cared to make these models was the idea that if you had a good enough model of the universe,
you could predict the future or come up with better explanations of what was likely to happen and why.
And only as astrology and astronomy diverged from each other later, did astrology come to be seen as fake science and superstition and everything else.
While astronomy became more and more sort of serious science.
天文学と歴史的キャラクター
My head is about to explode.
Yeah, that was a really long explanation. I apologize.
It was so sad to see. I was trying to just make a point, like Yolanda was like, she was so eager to learn and do research,
but there was a restriction and the people, men, don't take her seriously.
Yeah. Well, I think this is actually another advantage of it being a fictional story.
I would say that at the least, the chronicles we have about what this time period was like in terms of who was doing astrological and astronomical observations and theory creation, it's all men.
And it might well be the case that women worked on it and no one ever gave them credit, just like Yolanda.
And so we don't know about women who maybe were doing this type of work.
There are better attested example of women mathematicians from the Hellenistic world than there are from medieval Europe because, and this is my theory,
but because the Hellenistic Near East was more accepting of women in those types of roles than medieval Europe was.
And the church's like misogynistic influence on culture generally was part of that.
But I think it's great that the author chose to include Yolanda as a character and regardless of its accuracy or its ability to be substantiated by records we have from the time, gave women a role in the story.
And so I think there'll probably be hardcore trolls from the Gamergate universe being like,
this isn't accurate because there weren't women working on this then.
But I think it's more important to say like, we just don't know.
And it seems totally plausible to me that women worked on this and just weren't given any credit ever or that I haven't done enough research.
And there are famous women who've worked on it who've, you know, who just don't come to the top of like the search results.
This gave me a little bit of Game of Thrones 5.
Yeah.
A lot of like abuse, torture.
True.
Killing.
Yep. There's a lot of sword fights actually.
For a show about astronomy, there are an awful lot of sword fights.
Yeah. I mean, although this is aired in Japan on NHK.
Yeah, not a Game of Thrones network really.
They put it on like late at night when little kids don't watch.
But it's on ITERE? It's on the educational channel?
No, it's not educational. General.
Oh, it's general NHK.
Yeah.
Ooh, okay.
So it's different.
Brave move, NHK. Thumbs up.
So, you know, that tells something.
Yeah. I mean, yeah. I don't know how I feel about it. It is an educational show.
It gets people to like learn about this topic, even if it's not doing it in a strictly historical way.
アニメの音楽とアニメーション
Let's move on to theme songs.
So opening theme song and ending theme song, they are both awesome.
Yeah, they are fire. They've killed it on the music for this show.
It's pretty rare to have like both awesome songs.
I agree. The animation is better for the opening theme song.
The closing animation is still good, but like just so-so compared to the opening animation.
I like both.
You like the animation in the ending theme song?
Yeah.
It's just people walking.
It's like a classic trope of like, look at these people like walk, right?
The opening is really good, even the animation.
I mean, I understand like people want to focus on opening.
Yeah.
But like, you know, it works.
The closing song is so good that we watch the closing every time just to listen to the music.
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
But I think the opening animation is more thrilling.
Yes, yes.
Opening theme song is by Sakanakushon.
It's called Kaiju Monster.
I didn't know much about Sakanakushon.
Like I've heard of their...
I'd never even heard of them.
No?
No.
I've heard about their name but not really listened their songs before until this one.
The main vocal who make music for the band, he's been suffering from depression.
And the past two years, it's been really, really hard for him.
He was not active in making music, like staying in bed.
And then I couldn't make music.
He even didn't want to see guitar or something.
音楽とアニメの関係
Wow.
It was really, really bad.
And he didn't take medicines first, but later he saw it's really serious.
So he decided to take.
The monster, the song is not complete yet.
Right.
They're going to play the full version on tour for the first time?
Maybe.
Maybe.
I saw their YouTube video and he said it's almost done.
So like when you hear the music at the opening of Chi Orb, you hear only half of it.
Just like a regular anime opening.
Well, except that in this case, the other half doesn't exist yet.
Right?
He's making.
I know he's making, but what I'm saying is like, as of right now, you're actually hearing the whole thing.
And you're hearing the song in its entirety as it existed when he wrote it.
Like he only wrote a TV size version and then was like, I'll finish the rest of it later.
Yeah.
I'm curious, like we are half halfway through of watching Orb.
So I'm wondering like second core.
Yeah.
Would it be like second verse of Monster?
That seems extremely unlikely to me.
Why?
But if it happened, it would be extremely cool.
Because Steins Gate did it.
Yeah.
Steins Gate is the exception, not the rule though.
Okay.
Just to like put that out there.
Like Steins Gate like was groundbreaking in a lot of ways.
And that's one of them.
Because it was perfect.
They played the same first verse of Hacking to the Gate until like 20 or 21st episode.
And the last two episodes or so, they played the second verse of the song, which tells about the story.
Brilliant.
I'm just like, I too wish more anime did that.
Yeah.
My hopes are low that that's what's going to happen with this particular one.
And that doesn't diminish my enjoyment of the song as it exists for the first half.
Yeah.
In a way, I think there's like, there's something really nice about knowing that the version of the song that you're hearing during the opening is everything the guy wrote.
And it's not like an edited, cut down, chopped up, like, you know, skipped the boring parts.
It's the whole song.
And it's really good just the way it is.
So we are looking forward to the second verse, the whole, you know, listening to the whole song.
One of the things to know if you're not a Japanese speaker is that he is cutting the words in the song in very unusual places.
Yeah.
And that contributes to it just having an extremely unique feeling to it.
Yeah.
And that makes it really cool.
I think if you don't know Japanese, then obviously, like, it's hard to tell that.
But it feels unique and different.
Very different.
In the way that he's singing it, too.
And the ending theme song is Aporia by Yorushika.
We watched the music video, and it's all animation.
A girl, like, is flying towards space and looking at constellations.
I liked that.
It was cute.
Yeah, it was very imaginative.
It really weirdly, this is like a tie to a manga that's running right now called Beat and Motion, which is about a boy who takes up animation as a career, and a girl who is a pop star.
A big chunk of the story thus far has been about him creating an animated music video for one of her songs.
And they meet each other, and they eventually, like, fall in love and go into a relationship together.
But watching the music video for Aporia really reminded me of that story.
Because it feels like it was animated by, like, a very small team of people.
And that it was, like, the vision of one person who heard the song and thought it was awesome and had their own interpretation and just made it.
And so maybe that's not what happened.
Maybe it was a team of people, and they, like, got together and blah blah.
But it has that vibe, and it feels like it wouldn't be that weird for it to have been a close analog of the process that's described in Beat and Motion.
Yeah. Again, like, I like the idea of, like, a girl trying to explore the space.
Right.
Not man.
Yeah.
And both Kaiju and Aporia have piano sound.
Yeah, that's true.
Which made those songs, both songs, perfect.
音楽と感情の結びつき
Right.
Like, for Monsters, I feel like the sound of piano kind of, like, the stars to me.
Oh, interesting. Somehow piano and the stars are connected in your mind?
Yeah. Or maybe because piano, like, classic piano reminds me of that, like, time period.
The 1600s, specifically?
Yeah.
Yeah, I think there's something to that, actually.
To me, the piano riff in the opening theme song has a sort of experimental feeling to it.
It's like a couple of notes, like, randomly next to each other that feels like somebody trying to work out a problem, like a math problem or a musical problem.
And music is math, right?
But in a kind of experimental, like, a couple notes at a time kind of way, that to me evokes the image of those mathematicians being like, let's see if this works.
Let's see if this works, right?
How do I make the most beautiful thing?
The other thing from the opening theme song that I think is really interesting is after the sort of opening riff, there's like a siren sound, right?
It's like a very industrial sound.
It doesn't fit with the piano or, like, other music.
They play that, like, right as the Inquisitors are walking in the opening theme song.
And I just love, like, that connection of, like, the Catholic Inquisition as, like, terrifying police who put on their klaxons and, like, chase you, you know?
And that just, like, works really well, too.
Interesting.
声優の魅力
Let's talk a little bit about voice actors.
Okay.
First part of Orb has, like, main character Rafał and voices by Maaya Sakamoto.
That's pretty awesome.
I still sort of can't believe it, but, like—
You really like her songs.
I've been a huge Maaya Sakamoto fan going all the way back to the 90s.
I'm trying to remember, like, what the first song that she sang that I was, like, super into was, and I don't think it was Vision of Escaflowne, but that one is really good.
Okay.
You don't know it.
I don't know.
I only hear songs from your—
Yeah.
She wrote something before that that I'd also heard.
I don't think—I'm, like, trying to, like, rack my brain to remember, like, the first anime I heard that had a Maaya Sakamoto theme song, and I just—I don't know.
I think Vision of Escaflowne was the first one I heard where I was like, this person is an awesome singer and I really like their music.
Yeah.
It's cool that she's got a voice acting role in this show.
That's awesome.
Yeah, I think she's a voice actress.
She is a designated voice actor for Natalie Portman.
Interesting.
Also Jessica Alba.
Whoa, really?
Uh-huh.
And then she also have done the voice for Tamayo from Demon Slayer.
Oh, I didn't know that either.
That's cool.
That's cool.
So she's been doing a lot of work as a voice actor.
A lot?
Yeah, a lot more, but I just didn't recognize.
Okay, yeah, all right, all right, fair, fair.
Novak is by Kenjiro Tsuda.
Yes, best voice in the whole show.
So scary.
He's so good.
He's so good and so scary at the same time.
He's so perfect.
He has done voice for Colin Farrell.
Oh, that makes sense.
And Adam Driver.
Eh.
Not so much, yeah.
I don't really see it for Adam Driver.
I can't really picture it, yeah.
Yeah, that feels like a little bit of like a, I don't know, a choice I might not have made.
But whatever, Adam Driver's good and he's awesome, so why not?
So I want to shout out those two voice actors, Katsuyuki Konishi as Okuji and Yuichi Nakamura as Badeni.
Okay.
So those people, when those people were on the screen at the same time, I couldn't help thinking about Elusive Samurai.
Oh, right, right, right.
It's so funny to me because Katsuyuki Konishi, Okuji did the voice for Takauchi Ashikaga.
Oh.
And Badeni was Suwa Yorushige.
So different.
So different.
They're both priests.
But yeah, Badeni's like so opposite in terms of his character from Suwa Yorushige.
I didn't make that connection at all.
And I can, same thing with Okuji.
Okuji is such a different character than Takauchi Ashikaga that it's hard to think of them as having the same voice.
Yeah.
Good job, everybody in this show.
You're really going against casting.
Also, Badeni's character is kind of funny.
He's hilarious.
Badeni's amazing as a character, I agree.
Yeah, he's kind of blunt, not blunt.
Extremely blunt, yes.
Yeah?
Yeah.
And kind of cold-hearted sometimes.
Totally.
Super arrogant, really inflexible, and unintentionally funny a lot of the time.
Yeah.
Let's do word of the day.
Word of the day.
地動説と天動説の考察
I think the word of the day is chi, and we covered it in pretty exhaustive detail.
Yeah, we did.
The number of different meanings that the word has is really impressive, and it's so core to what this show is trying to get at.
The ideas of Earth, and also of knowledge, and what knowledge is permitted and what knowledge is not permitted, and the idea of chi as blood, and the ways in which the Inquisition in particular tried to suppress knowledge via torture and death.
All of those things sort of going together really makes sense to me as a word for the day.
I think also the other thing that maybe makes sense is Chidōsetsu, the theory of the Earth moving, as opposed to Tendōsetsu, the theory of the heavens moving.
I gotta say, those Japanese words sound so much simpler than the English words.
Yeah, I mean, the English words heliocentrism and...
God, I'm not sure if there's a...
Yeah, I think geocentrism is the other word.
They've just got Greek roots, but they actually are built similarly to the Japanese words, which is uncommon, right?
But heliocentrism means sun center belief, just like...
I guess it's the opposite of the way the word is constructed in Japanese, because Chidōsetsu means Earth move explanation, and Tendōsetsu is like heaven move explanation.
But the English word heliocentrism, sun center belief or theory versus geocentrism, Earth center belief.
The fact that it's constructed from, I don't know, Greek or Latin roots helps English speakers who know those core roots understand what the word means right away.
But I think, especially for a foreign language learner who's like, these roots aren't even English roots.
Yeah, it's got to be really... they sound very hard.
Anything else you want to say?
Doubling down on... this series is really good, but it's not the history.
And if watching the series makes you curious about the history, the history is also interesting and it's pretty different.
So it's worth letting it be your gateway into learning more about the real life people who supported heliocentric theory, like Copernicus.
And I guess Tycho Brahe had a modified geocentric version, but like the people who made significant advances in understanding the cosmos.
And in that group, I would include Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei, and maybe Isaac Newton too.
To be like, how did we figure out what's going on in the cosmos before we were able to build spaceships and actually observe it?
リスナーへのお願い
Thank you so much for listening to this week's episode.
If you liked this week's episode, please give us five stars.
Yes, now that sounds so much nicer to me.
Why?
You're being polite. I like it. It's less like, give us five stars.
I like the gentle ask.
Yeah, stars, because we talked about stars sort of.
Oh, I get it.
Yeah.
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